English
For nonnegative rational q, irrationality of sqrt(q) is equivalent to q not being a square in ℚ.
Русский
Для неотрицательного рационала q иррациональность sqrt(q) эквивалентна тому, что q не является квадратом в ℚ.
LaTeX
$$$\forall q \in \mathbb{Q}_{\ge 0}, \mathrm{Irrational}(\sqrt{q}) \iff \lnot \mathrm{IsSquare}(q)$$$
Lean4
theorem irrational_sqrt_ratCast_iff_of_nonneg {q : ℚ} (hq : 0 ≤ q) : Irrational (√q) ↔ ¬IsSquare q :=
by
refine Iff.not (?_ : Exists _ ↔ Exists _)
constructor
· rintro ⟨y, hy⟩
refine ⟨y, Rat.cast_injective (α := ℝ) ?_⟩
rw [Rat.cast_mul, hy, mul_self_sqrt (Rat.cast_nonneg.2 hq)]
· rintro ⟨q', rfl⟩
exact ⟨|q'|, mod_cast (sqrt_mul_self_eq_abs q').symm⟩